Dietary Protein and Amino Acids in Vegetarian Diets—A Review
Research snapshot:
2019 review finds vegetarian diets provide adequate protein and amino acids for adults.
2019 |
Review |
Protein |
Protein adequacy |
Overview.
This review examines the adequacy of protein and amino acid intake from vegetarian and vegan diets, concluding that traditional legumes, nuts, and seeds provide sufficient protein and amino acids for adults, with no significant evidence of protein deficiency.
Background.
The study was conducted by a team of researchers associated with AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, and Stanford University Medical School, and was published in the journal Nutrients.
Objectives.
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the protein and amino acid intakes from vegetarian diets followed by adults in western countries, assess the adequacy of these nutrients, and address changes in protein patterns in people transitioning to vegetarian diets. The study also aimed to consider the nuances in older adults and children.
Study design.
The study involved a comprehensive review of existing literature, including data from various cohorts such as the EPIC-Oxford study, Nutrinet-Santé, and Adventist Health Study 2. The methodologies included analyzing protein intake surveys, food frequency questionnaires, and 24-hour dietary recalls.
Results.
The results showed that protein intakes from vegetarian diets, including vegan diets, are generally sufficient to meet protein requirements. The median protein intake in vegans was found to be around 71 grams per day, which is higher than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Amino acid intakes were also adequate, with lysine intakes exceeding the estimated average requirement. However, there were some variations and potential issues with protein intake in older adults and those with very low energy intakes.
Conclusions.
The study concluded that classic vegetarian diets, which include traditional legumes, nuts, and seeds, provide sufficient protein and amino acids for adults. There is no significant evidence of protein deficiency in vegetarians, although some issues might arise in older adults if the diet lacks protein-rich foods. The review emphasized the importance of a varied diet to ensure amino acid adequacy.
Original paper.
Mariotti, F.; Gardner, C.D. Dietary Protein and Amino Acids in Vegetarian Diets—A Review. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2661. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112661
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